In May 2020, a team led by thoracic surgeon Konrad Hoetzenecker of the Department of Surgery of MedUni Vienna and Vienna General Hospital performed a lung transplant on a 44-year-old patient who had been seriously ill with COVID-19, making her the first patient in Europe to receive a lung transplant for this indication. The Vienna lung transplantation program now plays a leading role in an international consortium comprising experts from the U.S., Europe and Asia. Based on the expertise from Vienna, approximately 40 transplants have now been carried out on COVID-19 patients throughout the world. In a study published in the leading journal The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, the consortium has now proposed the first general selection criteria for lung transplantation in COVID-19 patients.